ipkg命令

ipkg 是 OpenWrt 内的一个软件安装管理工具，在 OpenWrt 内输入

root@b&tLinux:/jffs# /opt/bin/ipkg
ipkg: ipkg must have one sub-command argument
ipkg version 0.99.163
usage: ipkg [options...] sub-command [arguments...]
where sub-command is one of:

Package Manipulation:
update                  Update list of available packages
upgrade                 Upgrade all installed packages to latest version
install <pkg>           Download and install <pkg> (and dependencies)
install <file.ipk>      Install package <file.ipk>
configure [<pkg>]       Configure unpacked packages
remove <pkg|regexp>     Remove package <pkg|packages following regexp>
flag <flag> <pkg> ...   Flag package(s) <pkg>
<flag>=hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)

Informational Commands:
list                    List available packages and descriptions
list_installed          List all and only the installed packages and description
files <pkg>             List all files belonging to <pkg>
search <file|regexp>            Search for a package providing <file>
info [pkg|regexp]               Display all info for <pkg>
status [pkg|regexp]             Display all status for <pkg>
download <pkg>          Download <pkg> to current directory.
compare_versions <v1> <op> <v2>
compare versions using <= < > >= = << >>
print_architecture      prints the architecture.
print_installation_architecture
whatdepends [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
whatdependsrec [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
whatprovides [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
whatconflicts [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
whatreplaces [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
prints the installation architecture.

Options:
-A                      Query all packages with whatdepends, whatprovides, whatreplaces, whatconflicts
-V <level>               Set verbosity level to <level>. If no value is
--verbosity <level>      provided increase verbosity by one. Verbosity levels:
0 errors only
1 normal messages (default)
2 informative messages
3 debug output
-f <conf_file>          Use <conf_file> as the ipkg configuration file
-conf <conf_file>       Default configuration file location
is /opt/etc/ipkg.conf
-d <dest_name>          Use <dest_name> as the the root directory for
-dest <dest_name>       package installation, removal, upgrading.
<dest_name> should be a defined dest name from
the configuration file, (but can also be a
directory name in a pinch).
-o <offline_root>       Use <offline_root> as the root directory for
-offline <offline_root> offline installation of packages.
-verbose_wget           more wget messages
Force Options (use when ipkg is too smart for its own good):
-force-depends          Make dependency checks warnings instead of errors
Install/remove package in spite of failed dependences
-force-defaults         Use default options for questions asked by ipkg.
(no prompts). Note that this will not prevent
package installation scripts from prompting.
-force-reinstall        Allow ipkg to reinstall a package.
-force-overwrite        Allow ipkg to overwrite files from another package during an install.
-force-downgrade        Allow ipkg to downgrade packages.
-force_space            Install even if there does not seem to be enough space.
-noaction               No action -- test only
-nodeps                 Do not follow dependences
-force-removal-of-dependent-packages
-recursive              Allow ipkg to remove package and all that depend on it.
-test                   No action -- test only
-t                      Specify tmp-dir.
--tmp-dir               Specify tmp-dir.

regexp could be something like 'pkgname*' '*file*' or similar
eg: ipkg info 'libstd*'  or ipkg search '*libop*' or ipkg remove 'libncur*'
root@b&tLinux:/jffs#                                                         


你会得到 ipkg 的说明和帮助，接下来我会说明 ipkg 常用的几个命令：

1. ipkg update
ipkg 会到 http://downloads.openwrt.org/whiterussian/packages/ 下载并更新最新的软件包列表(这个列表的位置在/etc/ipkg.conf指定)：


root@Linksys:~# ipkg update
Downloading http://downloads.openwrt.org/whiteru...kages/Packages
Updated list of available packages in /usr/lib/ipkg/lists/whiterussian
Downloading http://downloads.openwrt.org/whiteru...-free/Packages
Updated list of available packages in /usr/lib/ipkg/lists/non-free
Successfully terminated.

2. ipkg list
在更新之后，我们可以用 ipkg list 这命令查看一下有什么软件包可供安装，这里我会列出部份结果：


root@Linksys:~# ipkg list
aiccu – 2005.01.31-1 – SixXS Automatic IPv6 Connectivity Client Utility
arptables – 0.0.3-1 – ARP firewalling software
arpwatch – 2.1a11-1 – Ethernet monitor program for keeping track of ethernet/ip address pairings
asterisk – 1.0.7-1 – An open source PBX
...

3. ipkg install
安装软件包，有 2 种方法，例如我想安装 OpenSSH 的 SFTP 服务器(注 1)，方便我以后上传文件到 OpenWrt，我可以执行 ipkg list 或到 OpenWrt 的软件包网址取得软件 SFTP 服务器的资料：

Package: openssh-sftp-server
Version: 4.0p1-1
Depends: zlib, libopenssl
Section: net
Architecture: mipsel
Maintainer: bugs@openwrt.org
MD5Sum: 145c72f82f2404b991a96bf5f3ef2262
Size: 14086
Filename: openssh-sftp-server_4.0p1-1_mipsel.ipk
Source: buildroot internal
Description: OpenSSH SFTP server

之后我可以选择第 1 个方法用软件包名来安装，这方法会自动把软件包下载并安装：

ipkg install openssh-sftp-server

或者选择第 2 个方法从网站把安装包下载到路由器上，然后输入文件名安装：

ipkg install openssh-sftp-server_4.0p1-1_mipsel.ipk

4. ipkg list_installed
这个命令会列出 OpenWrt 预先为你安装好的软件 (包括一些常用软件和驱动) 以及你后来安装的软件。

5. ipkg remove
当你的空间不足时，这个命令非常有用，你先执行 ipkg list_installed 得出己安装的软件列表，然后找出你要删除的软件包名称，例如：

ipkg remove openssh-sftp-server

注意事项：
由于 WRG54G 的空间有限，安装软件时要留意软件的大小和剩余的空间，我们可以用 df -h 命令得知 Flash Rom 和 虚拟内存的使用量：

root@Linksys:~# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 3.2M 2.8M 372.0k 89% /
none 7.0M 6.5M 540.0k 92% /tmp
/dev/mmc/disc0/part1 14.2M 7.5M 6.6M 53% /sd

结果显示我的 WRT54G 只剩下 372k 的空间，虚拟内存也只剩下 540k，因为我为我的WRT54G 加装了一张 16MB 的 SD Card，所以你会看到有一项设备 /dev/mmc/disc0/part1 剩余 6.6M 空间。

注 1： 安装了 openssh-sftp-server，你会发现 sftp 服务器并不能正常使用，为什么呢？！这时你要输入这个命令：

ln -s /usr/libexec /usr/lib